One of the most significant shifts in current thinking on war and gender is the recognition that rape in wartime is not a simple by-product of war, but often a planned and targeted policy. For many feminists ‘rape as a weapon of war’ provides a way to articulate the systematic, pervasive, and orchestrated nature of wartime sexual violence that marks it as integral rather than incidental to war. This recognition of rape as a weapon of war has taken on legal (...) significance at the Rwandan and Yugoslav Tribunals where rape has been prosecuted as a crime against humanity and genocide. In this paper, I examine how the Rwanda Tribunal’s record of judgments conceives of rape enacted as an instrument of the genocide. I consider in particular how the Tribunal’s conception of ‘rape as a weapon of war’ shapes what can be known about sexual violence and gender in the Rwandan genocide and what cannot, the categories of victims legally recognised and those that are not, and the questions pursued, and those foreclosed, about the patterns of violence before and during the genocide. (shrink)

"In the 12 case studies in this treasure of a book, various authors examine the critical, direction-finding moments in the work of such individuals as Charles Darwin, Jean Piaget, Robert Burns Woodward, William James, Anais Nin, and others." --Virginia Quarterly Review.

Shortcomings in the target article preclude adequate tests of developmental/attachment and strategic pluralism theories. Methodological problems include comparing college student attitudes with societal level indicators that may not reflect life conditions of college students. We show, through two principal components analyses, that multiple tests of the theories reduce to only two findings that cannot be interpreted as solid support for evolutionary hypotheses.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to different sites allows interfering with dysfunctional network function implicated in major depression. Because a prominent clinical feature of depression is anhedonia--the inability to experience pleasure from previously pleasurable activities--and because there is clear evidence of dysfunctions of the reward system in depression, DBS to the nucleus accumbens might offer a new possibility to target depressive symptomatology in otherwise treatment-resistant depression. Three patients suffering from extremely resistant forms of depression, who did not respond to pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, (...) and electroconvulsive therapy, were implanted with bilateral DBS electrodes in the nucleus accumbens. Stimulation parameters were modified in a double-blind manner, and clinical ratings were assessed at each modification. Additionally, brain metabolism was assessed 1 week before and 1 week after stimulation onset. Clinical ratings improved in all three patients when the stimulator was on, and worsened in all three patients when the stimulator was turned off. Effects were observable immediately, and no side effects occurred in any of the patients. Using FDG-PET, significant changes in brain metabolism as a function of the stimulation in fronto-striatal networks were observed. No unwanted effects of DBS other than those directly related to the surgical procedure (eg pain at sites of implantation) were observed. Dysfunctions of the reward system--in which the nucleus accumbens is a key structure--are implicated in the neurobiology of major depression and might be responsible for impaired reward processing, as evidenced by the symptom of anhedonia. These preliminary findings suggest that DBS to the nucleus accumbens might be a hypothesis-guided approach for refractory major depression. (shrink)

Neste estudo, busca-se historicizar os primeiros tempos do Colégio de Aplicação, importante espaço educativo em Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil, considerando seus entrelaçamentos às Faculdades de Filosofia e de Educação, valorizando o papel de Graciema Pachedo e Isolda Holmer Paes, professoras idealizadoras da instituição na década de 1950. A produção de memórias de instituições de ensino permite que se teçam interconexões entre as diferentes histórias vividas pelos sujeitos em termos políticos, sociais e educacionais, fomentando assim reflexões sobre as condições materiais nas quais (...) se produziram determinados processos educativos. Duas instituições de ensino imbricadas, ocupando o mesmo prédio por muitos anos, uma formando crianças e adolescentes, a outra formando professores. As relações entre o Colégio de Aplicação e a Faculdade de Educação são fortes, aqueles que frequentaram a Faculdade nos anos 1980 ainda a reconhecem como o “Aplicação”. Atualmente, a “FACED”, expressão que identifica a instituição, constitui-se em um espaço ocupado por jovens e adultos, em que se estuda sobre infâncias, mas quase não se vê por lá crianças. A investigação insere-se no campo de pesquisas da História da Educação e identifica-se com os pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural, corrente historiográfica que valoriza os sujeitos em uma perspectiva que os coloca como partícipes e fazedores da História de seu tempo. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, elegeu-se a memória enquanto documento e, como metodologias, a História Oral e a análise de outros documentos relevantes para um maior entendimento dessas histórias. Em um processo de escavar camadas de memórias, entrevistaram-se professores que carregam as trajetórias da Faculdade e do Colégio de Aplicação. Entendemos que a produção desses testemunhos se faz necessária para evitar o apagamento das práticas relativas a um tempo e lugar. Portanto, investigar as memórias institucionais é uma forma de reconstruir os processos identitários dessas duas instituições de ensino. Palavras-chave: História de instituições educativas. Memórias docentes. Formação docente. (shrink)

O texto analisa a presença do rádio no romance Incidente em Antares, de Erico Verissimo, com o objetivo de verificar o papel do veículo na ficção produzida pelo autor e a sua relação com o imaginário do período. Conclui-se que o rádio, no romance, traça um grande painel da sociedade e da política gaúcha (e brasileira). Ao mesmo tempo, mexe com a necessidade de circulação entre o imaginário e o real da comunidade e auxilia na construção de novos imaginários. The (...) text analyzes the presence of radio in the novel Incidente em Antares, by Erico Verissimo, in order to verify the role of the vehicle produced by the writer in the fiction and its relationship with the imaginary of the period. We conclude that the radio, in the novel, draws a large panel of society and politics in the State. At the same time, move with the need to travel between the imaginary and the real community and assists in building new imaginary. (shrink)

Homonyms, i.e. ambiguous words like ‘score’, have different meanings in different contexts. Previous research indicates that all potential meanings of a homonym are first accessed in parallel before one of the meanings is selected in a competitive race. If these processes are automatic, these processes of selection should even be observed when homonyms are shown subliminally. This study measured the time course of subliminal and supraliminal priming by homonyms with a frequent and a rare meaning in a neutral context, using (...) a lexical decision task. In the subliminal condition, priming across prime-target asynchronies ranging from 100 ms to 1.5 s indicated that the dominant meaning of homonyms was facilitated and the subordinate meaning was inhibited. This indicates that selection of meaning was much faster with subliminal presentation than with supraliminal presentation. Awareness of a prime might decelerate an otherwise rapid selection process. (shrink)

Comparisons of indirect measures with direct measures can help elucidate the relationship between nonconscious and conscious perception. We report three experiments on masked word priming in which we observed a negative correlation between prime discriminability and priming , i.e. where priming decreased with increasing prime visibility. While such observations are rare , they may indicate a conflict between conscious and nonconscious processing when primes are shown close to the subjective visibility threshold for the priming-relevant information. For instance, such a conflict (...) could occur between nonconscious processing of a prime’s meaning and conscious perception of prime letters. Theoretical accounts that discuss similar conflicts assume that the conflict is resolved either by automatically prioritising conscious processes or by discounting the estimated confusion caused by a prime-target pair . In both cases, priming is predicted to decrease when prime visibility increases from below threshold to perithreshold levels. Therefore, we suggest that negative priming-d’ relationships are most likely observed when the d’ measure assesses prime visibility at a level of representation that is below the level of representation at which priming arises, in terms of a putative hierarchy of word processing. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Bibliography of Resources by and about André E. Hellegers*Compiled by Doris Mueller Goldstein (bio)This bibliography is derived from the holdings of the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature and the BIOETHICSLINE© database (both of which are at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and supported by the National Library of Medicine); the archives of Lauinger Library, Georgetown University; the Medline databases of the National Library of Medicine; the WorldCat (...) database of OCLC, Dublin, Ohio, and selected Internet sites.Primarily comprised of writings by Dr. Hellegers, the list also includes interviews and media programs in which he participated, as well as writings about him that were written following his death. The arrangement within each section is by date. The 231 authored pieces reflect the transition from Dr. Hellegers’s early career as a researcher in fetal physiology at Johns Hopkins Medical School, where he published his first research report at the age of 29, to the early years of the Kennedy Institute, where he produced so many provocative columns on bioethical issues that influenced the growth of the field.Due to the diversity of sources and the 40-year time span covered, there are some variations in bibliographic style. Time and availability constraints precluded verifying all of the citations with the original documents. Any additions or corrections should be submitted to the compiler.Works Authored by André E. HellegersNo Date Ethical Issues in Sterilization of the Retarded. Unpublished paper.1956Vitamin B12 Serum Level and Pregnancy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4: 440+, 1956. [With Bacon F. Chow and Kunio Okuda] [End Page 89]1957Vitamin B12 Absorption in Pregnancy and in the Newborn. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 5: 327+, 1957. [With Bacon F. Chow, Robert E. L. Nesbitt, Kunio Okuda, and David W. Smith]1958The Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Osmotic Pressure of the Plasma. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 43: 197+, 1958. [With Donald H. Barron, Frederick C. Battaglia, and Giacomo Meschia]Studies on the Absorption of Vitamin B12 in Human Pregnancy with Especial Reference to the Effect of D-Sorbitol. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 76: 91+, 1958. [With Bacon F. Chow, Harry Prystowsky, and Vernon Wong]1959The Alveolar PCO2 and PO2 in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women at Altitude. Proceedings of the Society for Clinical Investigation 38: 1010+, 1959. [With Donald Barron, William Huckabee, Giacomo Meschia, James Metcalfe, and Harry Prystowsky]A Comparison of the Oxygen Dissociation Curves of the Bloods of Maternal and Fetal Goats at Various pHs. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 44: 215–21, July 1959. [With Donald Barron, Giacomo Meschia, Harry Prystowsky, and A. Stark Wolkoff]Fetal Blood Studies. XII. On the Relationship Between the Position of the Oxygen Dissociation Curve of Human Fetal Blood and Adult Fetal Hemoglobin. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 77: 585+, 1959. [With Paul D. Bruns, Julian Cotter, and Harry Prystowsky]Fetal Blood Studies. XIV. A Comparative Study of the Oxygen Dissociation Curve of Nonpregnant, Pregnant and Fetal Human Blood. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 78: 489–93, September 1959. [With Paul D. Bruns and Harry Prystowsky]Fetal Blood Studies. XVI. On the Changes in Total Osmotic Pressure and Sodium and Potassium Concentration of Amniotic Fluid During the Course of Human Gestation. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 109: 509–12, October 1959. [With Frederick Battaglia, Paul D. Bruns, Harry Prystowsky, and Clayton Smisson]Further Observations on the Metabolism of Vitamin B12 in Human Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 77: 1+, 1959. [With Bacon F. Chow, Harry Prystowsky, Bruno Ranke, and Elma Ranke]The Oxygen Dissociation Curves of the Bloods of Adult and Fetal Llamas. Federation Proceedings 18, 1959. [With Donald Barron, William Huckabee, Giacomo Meschia, James Metcalfe, and Harry Prystowsky] [End Page 90]Transfer of Oxygen Across the Sheep Placenta at High Altitude. Federation Proceedings 18, 1959. [With Donald Barron, William Huckabee, Giacomo Meschia, and Harry Prystowsky]Uterine Blood Flow and Metabolism in Pregnant Sheep at High Altitude. Federation Proceedings 18, 1959. [With Donald Barron, William Huckabee, Giacomo Meschia, James Metcalfe, and Harry Prystowsky]Uterine Blood Flow and Metabolism in Unanesthetized Pregnant Sheep. Federation Proceedings 18, 1959. [With Donald Barron, William Huckabee, Giacomo... (shrink)

O artigo analisa a presença das rádios comunitárias nas revistas latino-americanas de Comunicação, com o objetivo de verificar de que forma o tema é abordado, quais os enfoques priorizados, os principais autores e as referências mais utilizadas. Foram selecionadas, no período de 2010 a 2015, oito das principais revistas do continente que se dedicam à área. Constatou-se a presença de dez artigos sobre o tema.

XLRI, in association with a few Tata Group companies, established the XLRI-JRD Tata Foundation in Business Ethics in 1991 to mark their long-standing commitment and contribution to business ethics in India. The foundation seeks to address this by publicly affirming the urgent need for ethics in business and the need to bring about a conducive culture in which it can thrive.

Este artigo examina a objeção ao fechamento [dedutivo] que surge no contexto de certos paradoxos epistêmicos, paradoxos cuja conclusão é que a crença justificada pode ser inconsistente. É universalmente aceito que, se essa conclusão é correta, o fechamento deve ser rejeitado, para que se evite a crença justificada em enunciados contraditórios (P, ~P). Mas, mesmo que os argumentos desses paradoxos – o paradoxo da falibilidade (do prefácio) e o paradoxo da loteria – sejam mal-sucedidos, eles, ainda assim, sugerem a existência (...) de evidência independente para uma objeção mais direta contra o fechamento. O exame do argumento da falibilidade revela uma exigência de modéstia epistêmica que viola o fechamento a partir de múltiplas premissas. A reflexão sobre o paradoxo da loteria nos confronta com um dilema em que cada alternativa fornece um contra-exemplo ao fechamento a partir de uma única premissa. Seja ou não possível a inconsistência racional, há uma objeção contra o fechamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Fechamento dedutivo. Falibilidade. Paradoxo da Loteria. Paradoxo do Prefácio. Justificação. Inconsistência. ABSTRACT This paper examines the case against closure that arises in the context of certain epistemic paradoxes, paradoxes whose conclusion is that it is possible for justified belief to be inconsistent. It is generally agreed that if this conclusion is correct, closure must be rejected in order to avoid justified belief in contradictory statements (P, ~P). But even if the arguments of these paradoxes – the fallibility (preface) paradox and the lottery paradox – are unsuccessful, they nonetheless suggest independent grounds for a more direct case against closure. Examination of the fallibility argument reveals a requirement of epistemic modesty that violates multiple premise closure. Reflection on the lottery paradox presents us with a dilemma in which each alternative provides a counterexample to single premise closure. Whether or not rational inconsistency is possible, there is a case against closure. KEY WORDS – Closure. Fallibility. Lottery paradox. Preface paradox. Justification. Inconsistency. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Benefit sharing aims to achieve an equitable exchange between the granting of access to a genetic resource and the provision of compensation. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, is the only international legal instrument setting out obligations for sharing the benefits derived from the use of biodiversity. The CBD excludes human genetic resources from its scope, however, this article considers whether it should be expanded to include those resources, so (...) as to enable research subjects to claim a share of the benefits to be negotiated on a case‐by‐case basis. Our conclusion on this question is: ‘No, the CBD should not be expanded to include human genetic resources.’ There are essential differences between human and non‐human genetic resources, and, in the context of research on humans, an essentially fair exchange model is already available between the health care industry and research subjects. Those who contribute to research should receive benefits in the form of accessible new health care products and services, suitable for local health needs and linked to economic prosperity (e.g. jobs). When this exchange model does not apply, as is often the case in developing countries, individually negotiated benefit sharing agreements between researchers and research subjects should not be used as ‘window dressing’. Instead, national governments should focus their finances on the best economic investment they could make; the investment in population health and health research as outlined by the World Health Organization’s Commission on Macroeconomics and Health; whilst international barriers to such spending need to be removed. (shrink)

Responsible innovation is an approach to business that can both incur and save costs. Some company leaders are concerned that it is yet another administrative and financial burden on their commercial operations. Others can see its financial advantages, e.g. avoiding the development of products the market will not accept, or reducing costs through sustainability measures. Building on the corporate responsibility and management advice literature, this chapter indicates a number of areas where RI can create a competitive advantage for SMEs. Real (...) life case studies provide examples of reduced costs, reputational gains, employee retention, faster market entry, access to previously unavailable stakeholders, higher acceptability of end products, and higher innovation potential through diverse employees. Success cannot be guaranteed, but the willingness of an SME to innovate in areas that have positive societal impact in addition to profits can bring business benefits. (shrink)

O presente artigo toma como objeto de análise cadernos produzidos por Romana Bragatti, entre os anos de 1934 a 1936, estudante do Curso Complementar do Colégio São José, localizado em Caxias do Sul/RS. O estudo investiga esses suportes de escrita, suas materialidades e enunciados, na tentativa de compreender os usos dos artefatos e os discursos constitutivos da formação docente. Como respaldo teórico, são referenciados António Viñao Frago, Castillo Gómez e Jean Hébrard, autores que trabalham com a história da cultura escrita, (...) exploram aspectos gráficos, apontam para caminhos metodológicos e sinalizam possibilidades de produção historiográfica em torno desses dispositivos. Por meio desses aportes, a pesquisa busca contribuir com a análise desses artefatos da cultura escolar e expressar caminhos de investigação para quem se arrisca a desenvolver pesquisas inscritas nessas perspectivas. Como escrituras disciplinadas, cadernos escolares, em tese, não permitem a expressão da espontaneidade dos escreventes, entretanto, alguns registros produzidos pela aluna, aparentemente sutis, realçam transgressões sobre esse material e sobre o processo de escolarização que vivenciava, possibilitando perceber marcas da autora. Os assuntos que comparecem nesses cadernos versam sobre temas de “História Universal” e de “Pedagogia”, saberes considerados importantes para a formação das estudantes, apresentados descritivamente. Especialmente o Caderno de Pedagogia, para além da descrição, manifesta também um caráter explicativo/prescritivo, constituindo-se, supostamente, em referência de leitura, notadamente de orientação teórica e metodológica. Ao examiná-los, observa-se uma espécie de mimetização dos manuais escolares vigentes. Infere-se que as alunas copiavam textos desses manuais, que eram ditados ou exibidos no quadro-negro pelo professor, considerando o pouco acesso aos livros naquela temporalidade. Em relação ao Caderno de Pedagogia, o que mais se destaca são, por um lado, indicativos de códigos de conduta moral considerados adequados à professora, em conformidade ao processo de feminilização da docência naquele contexto. Por outro, percebem-se indícios de que a futura professora esteve em contato com o escolanovismo, que instituía a Pedagogia em bases científicas, enfatizando a importância da Psicologia Experimental. Palavras-chave : Cadernos escolares. Cultura escrita. Escola Nova. (shrink)

O presente artigo toma como objeto de análise cadernos produzidos por Romana Bragatti, entre os anos de 1934 a 1936, estudante do Curso Complementar do Colégio São José, localizado em Caxias do Sul/RS. O estudo investiga esses suportes de escrita, suas materialidades e enunciados, na tentativa de compreender os usos dos artefatos e os discursos constitutivos da formação docente. Como respaldo teórico, são referenciados António Viñao Frago, Castillo Gómez e Jean Hébrard, autores que trabalham com a história da cultura escrita, (...) exploram aspectos gráficos, apontam para caminhos metodológicos e sinalizam possibilidades de produção historiográfica em torno desses dispositivos. Por meio desses aportes, a pesquisa busca contribuir com a análise desses artefatos da cultura escolar e expressar caminhos de investigação para quem se arrisca a desenvolver pesquisas inscritas nessas perspectivas. Como escrituras disciplinadas, cadernos escolares, em tese, não permitem a expressão da espontaneidade dos escreventes, entretanto, alguns registros produzidos pela aluna, aparentemente sutis, realçam transgressões sobre esse material e sobre o processo de escolarização que vivenciava, possibilitando perceber marcas da autora. Os assuntos que comparecem nesses cadernos versam sobre temas de “História Universal” e de “Pedagogia”, saberes considerados importantes para a formação das estudantes, apresentados descritivamente. Especialmente o Caderno de Pedagogia, para além da descrição, manifesta também um caráter explicativo/prescritivo, constituindo-se, supostamente, em referência de leitura, notadamente de orientação teórica e metodológica. Ao examiná-los, observa-se uma espécie de mimetização dos manuais escolares vigentes. Infere-se que as alunas copiavam textos desses manuais, que eram ditados ou exibidos no quadro-negro pelo professor, considerando o pouco acesso aos livros naquela temporalidade. Em relação ao Caderno de Pedagogia, o que mais se destaca são, por um lado, indicativos de códigos de conduta moral considerados adequados à professora, em conformidade ao processo de feminilização da docência naquele contexto. Por outro, percebem-se indícios de que a futura professora esteve em contato com o escolanovismo, que instituía a Pedagogia em bases científicas, enfatizando a importância da Psicologia Experimental. Palavras-chave : Cadernos escolares. Cultura escrita. Escola Nova. (shrink)

edited by Doris Schroeder, welcomes contributions on all areas outlined below. Submitted papers are peer-reviewed. To submit a paper or to discuss suitable topics, please e-mail Doris Schroeder at [email protected].

O trabalho investiga a revista O Clarim, produzida pelos alunos de uma escola, em Porto Alegre/RS, entre os anos de 1945 e 1965. A história de O Clarim constitui-se em uma rica documentação de história da educação, pois revela um pouco das representações da cultura juvenil daquele tempo. Aqui interessam os significados da difusão dos discursos difundidos pelo periódico, nos processos de subjetivação provocados pelos textos e suas possíveis influências na construção das identidades daqueles jovens. A pesquisa identifica-se com os (...) pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural e se inscreve no campo das práticas de leitura e escrita e de memórias juvenis, tendo como referenciais as concepções de cultura escrita como uma produção discursiva de um determinado tempo e lugar. (shrink)

Functional foods aim to provide a positive impact on health and well-being beyond their nutritive content. As such, they are likely candidates to enhance the public health official’s tool kit. Or are they? Although a very small number of functional foods (e.g., phytosterol-enriched margarine) show such promise in improving individual health that Dutch health insurance companies reimburse their costs to consumers, one must not draw premature conclusions about functional foods as a group. A large number of questions about individual products’ (...) safety, efficacy, and affordability need to be answered before they might become an important part of the public health agenda. More importantly, though, the costs and benefits of functional foods relative to alternative mechanisms of public health improvement need to be ascertained. Alternative scenarios that warrant investigation are mainly the supply of nutraceutical ingredients in pill form targeting “at risk” groups and consumer education on diet and lifestyle. (shrink)

We adopted a phenomenological approach, directly engaging with the community of practice of the form of movement under study. We discuss some methodological approaches that we considered in investigating the lived experience of a heterogeneous group of Contact Improvisation (CI) practitioners. We delineate how such a system of movement could provide a unique example for the analysis of the interpersonal dynamics between movers with a different degree of expertise, re-tracing some common paths towards the acquisition of interkinaesthetic knowledge.

Um die heutige Welt zu begreifen, sollten wir uns nach Präsident Macron mit dem Werk?Das Kapital? von Marx beschäftigen. Tatsächlich stellt sich nach der Finanzkrise 2007/2008 und nach Karl Marx' 200. Geburtstag im Jahr 2018 die Frage, wie aktuell sein Werk auch oder vielleicht gerade heute noch ist. In diesem Fachbuch werden deshalb verschiedene Aspekte aus dem Leben und Werk von Karl Marx beleuchtet. Dabei verfolgen die Autoren, Forscher der Universität Rostock, einen interdisziplinären Ansatz und behandeln sowohl Marx' Religionskritik als (...) auch die Frage nach seinem politischen Denken. Thematisiert werden Marx' Interpretationen von Kapital und Geld sowie sein Kommunismusverständnis und sein Kapitalverstehen. War Karl Marx ein politischer Denker? Kann Karl Marx die Finanzkrise 2007/08 erklären und wenn ja, vielleicht sogar besser als der ökonomische Mainstream? Welchen Stellenwert kann seiner Philosophie und seiner Geld- und Kredittheorie beigemessen werden? Stimmen Kernaussagen seiner Kapitalismuskritik? In sechs Kapiteln, die auch unabhängig voneinander gelesen werden können, gehen die Autoren eingehend auf diese Fragen und Themen ein. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre a temática da branquitude, de modo a verificar suas definições presentes na literatura, assim como as maneiras como ela se expressa no cotidiano. As produções foram organizadas em um quadro segundo autor e data, discutindo os diferentes aspectos da raça, na realidade brasileira, em diferentes regiões e também da realidade de outros países. Os dados obtidos indicam que a branquitude, em suas diversas representações, configura-se um agente central na manutenção do racismo. Confirmaram-se (...) os problemas da não racialização e os prejuízos centenários dessa relação de poder. É um panorama diverso e complexo, que compreende pessoas com ou sem consciência de si, com variados níveis de privilégios, expressos territorialmente de maneira diferente. (shrink)

This open access collection of AI ethics case studies is the first book to present real-life case studies combined with commentaries and strategies for overcoming ethical challenges. Case studies are one of the best ways to learn about ethical dilemmas and to achieve insights into various complexities and stakeholder perspectives. Given the omnipresence of AI ethics in academic, policy and media debates, the book will be suitable for a wide range of audiences, from scholars of different disciplines (e.g. AI science, (...) ethics, politics, philosophy, economics) to policy-makers, lobbying NGOs, teachers and the educated public. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo. ABSTRACT The article argues that although consensus is not a (...) first-order issue in Charles Taylor's political philosophy, a reading oriented toward that problem can provide the elements for a theory of that notion, as well as for the identification of arguments to justify it. It also highlights the context of discussion that makes it possible to present Taylor's philosophy as a way of thinking about consensus and as an alternative to constructivism. (shrink)

El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.

O objetivo foi descrever a ocorrência da violência sofrida por profissionais de saúde na Urgência e Emergência de um hospital do norte do país. Identificar a violência no setor de urgência e emergência possibilita gerar informações sobre a realidade de hospitais, o que colabora em sanar tais problemas que ocorram nos mesmos. A metodologia foi de abordagem quantitativa, com a aplicação de questionário com questões sobre violência sofrida e praticada no trabalho e sobre dados das vítimas e dos agressores, junto (...) aos profissionais do centro de urgência e emergência do hospital pesquisado. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram a conclusão de que o principal autor de violência laboral é o paciente de 31 a 40 anos e as maiores vítimas são as mulheres que trabalham no turno da noite, recebem entre R$ 1.000 e 2.999 e não contam com pós-graduação. Portanto, são necessárias estratégias saneadoras para o problema da violência entre profissionais de saúde. (shrink)

La 4e de couverture indique : "The common good and how it can be pursued is a contested question in every polity. It touches upon the core principles of a society and shapes political debates and processes, institutional logics and constitutional settings. The nature and potential finality of the European integration project cannot be understood without taking the question into account. Despite the success story of European integration, it is still an open question wether the Union is in fact more (...) than the sum total of fragmentary compromises between and among the Member states. Is there a European Common Good beyond peace? The current controversies over collective responsibilities and values that surfaced in the financial crisis make a discussion of the common good within the European context compelling.". (shrink)

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar como a adoção aparece nas histórias de vida de indivíduos adotados e como eles normalizam suas experiências relacionadas à adoção. Focaliza-se a re-historiação do “eu” na narrativa e considera-se que o seu final é determinado por quem constrói a narrativa, não por eventos relatados cronologicamente. Os dados provêm das narrativas de dois indivíduos adotados, transcritas segundo convenções utilizadas na Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica, nas quais se destaca a presença dos eventos relacionados à adoção na (...) re-historiação dos pesquisados e na constituição de seus “eus” parciais, considerando também as características rítmicas e outras propriedades da fala em interação. Foi possível constatar que o final da história influencia na maneira como a narrativa é construída e como as experiências de adoção aparecem nas narrativas, com maior ou menor grau de normalização a elas atribuído. (shrink)

As the world keeps advancing, the need for automated interconnected devices has started to gain significance; to cater to the condition, a new concept Internet of Things has been introduced that revolves around smart devicesʼ conception. These smart devices using IoT can communicate with each other through a network to attain particular objectives, i.e., automation and intelligent decision making. IoT has enabled the users to divide their household burden with machines as these complex machines look after the environment variables and (...) control their behavior accordingly. As evident, these machines use sensors to collect vital information, which is then the complexity analyzed at a computational node that then smartly controls these devicesʼ operational behaviors. Deep learning-based guessing attack protection algorithms have been enhancing IoT security; however, it still has a critical challenge for the complex industries’ IoT networks. One of the crucial aspects of such systems is the need to have a significant training time for processing a large dataset from the networkʼs previous flow of data. Traditional deep learning approaches include decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines. However, it is essential to note that this convenience comes with a price that involves security vulnerabilities as IoT networks are prone to be interfered with by hackers who can access the sensor/communication data and later utilize it for malicious purposes. This paper presents the experimental study of cryptographic algorithms to classify the types of encryption algorithms into the asymmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithm. It presents a deep analysis of AES, DES, 3DES, RSA, and Blowfish based on timing complexity, size, encryption, and decryption performances. It has been assessed in terms of the guessing attack in real-time deep learning complex IoT applications. The assessment has been done using the simulation approach and it has been tested the speed of encryption and decryption of the selected encryption algorithms. For each encryption and decryption, the tests executed the same encryption using the same plaintext for five separate times, and the average time is compared. The key size used for each encryption algorithm is the maximum bytes the cipher can allow. To the comparison, the average time required to compute the algorithm by the three devices is used. For the experimental test, a set of plaintexts is used in the simulation—password-sized text and paragraph-sized text—that achieves target fair results compared to the existing algorithms in real-time deep learning networks for IoT applications. (shrink)